Classification

The higher classification used in the Neuropterida Species of the World (NSW; Table 3) generally follows the taxonomies contained in relevant recent monographic works, and is further guided by recent phylogenetic studies, where available. Where multiple phylogenies/taxonomies exist in the recent literature the author has used his judgement in creating a classification calculated to best reflect current phylogenetic knowledge within the constraints of using nested ranks to construct a heirarchical classification. While the monophyly of most extant families appears likely, based on recent phylogenetic work, the monophyly of many lower-ranked extant taxa in the family group is less certain, and most of these have yet to be investigated in detail with modern phylogenetic techniques and dense subtaxon sampling. The monophyly, and inter- and intrafamilial phylogenetic relationships of most families that contain only extinct species are also still poorly know. Table 3. The higher classification (order to subtribe) used in the Neuropterida Species of the World. Orders are listed alphabetically, and all subtaxa are listed alphabetically within each higher taxon. No phylogenetic sequencing should be assumed.

Order	Suborder	Superfamily	Epifamily	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Subtribe
Glosselytrodea†				Archoglossopteridae†
				Glosselytridae†
				Jurinidae†
				Permoberothidae†
MegalopteraH†				CorydalidaeH†	ChauliodinaeH†
					Corydalidae, incertae sedis†
					CorydalinaeH†
				Megaloptera, incertae sedis†
				SialidaeH†	Sharasialinae†
					SialinaeH†
NeuropteraH†				Neuroptera, incertae sedis†
		ChrysopoideaH†		Ascalochrysidae†
				ChrysopidaeH†	ApochrysinaeH
					Chrysopidae, incertae sedisH†
					ChrysopinaeH†	AnkylopteryginiH
						BelonopteryginiH
						Chrysopinae, incertae sedis†
						ChrysopiniH†
						LeucochrysiniH†
						NothancyliniH
					Limaiinae†
					NothochrysinaeH†
				Chrysopoidea, incertae sedis†
				Mesochrysopidae†	Allopterinae†
					Corydasialinae†
					Mesochrysopidae, incertae sedis†
					Mesochrysopinae†
					Tachinymphinae†
				Osmylitidae†
				Solenoptilidae†
		ConiopterygoideaH†		ConiopterygidaeH†	AleuropteryginaeH†	Aleuropteryginae, incertae sedis†
						AleuropteryginiH
						ConiocompsiniH†
						FontenelleiniH†
					BrucheiserinaeH
					Coniopterygidae, incertae sedis†
					ConiopteryginaeH†	Coniopteryginae, incertae sedis†
						ConiopteryginiH†
						ConwentziiniH†
						Phthanoconini†
					Cretaconiopteryginae†
					Toarciconiopteryginae†
		DilaroideaH†		DilaridaeH†	BerothellinaeH
					Cretadilarinae†
					DilarinaeH†
					NallachiinaeH
		HemerobioideaH†		HemerobiidaeH†	AdelphohemerobiinaeH
					CarobiinaeH
					DrepanacrinaeH
					DrepanepteryginaeH†
					Hemerobiidae, incertae sedis†
					HemerobiinaeH†
					MegalominaeH†
					MicrominaeH
					NotiobiellinaeH†
					SympherobiinaeH†
					ZachobiellinaeH
		MantispoideaH†		BerothidaeH†	Berothidae, incertae sedis†
					BerothinaeH†
					Mesithoninae†
					NosybinaeH†
					NyrminaeH†	CyrenoberothiniH†
						NyrminiH
					Paraberothinae†
					ProtobiellinaeH
					TrichomatinaeH
				MantispidaeH†	CalomantispinaeH†
					Dipteromantispinae†
					Doratomantispinae†
					DrepanicinaeH†
					Mantispidae, incertae sedis†
					MantispinaeH†
					Mesomantispinae†
				RhachiberothidaeH†	Rhachiberothidae, incertae sedis†
					RhachiberothinaeH†
					SymphrasinaeH†
		MyrmeleontoideaH†	MyrmeleontoidaeH†	MyrmeleontidaeH†	Araripeneurinae†	Araripeneurinae, incertae sedis†
						Araripeneurini†
						Cratoalloneurini†
						Cratopteryxini†
					AscalaphinaeH†	Ascalaphinae, incertae sedisH†
						AscalaphiniH
						DimariniH
						HaplogleniiniH†
						PalpariniH
						StilbopteryginiH
						UlulodiniH†
					DendroleontinaeH†	AcanthoplectriniH
						DendroleontiniH†
					Myrmeleontidae, incertae sedis†
					MyrmeleontinaeH†	AcanthaclisiniH
						BrachynemuriniH†
						MyrmecaeluriniH
						MyrmeleontiniH†
						NesoleontiniH
					NemoleontinaeH	GlenuriniH
						MegistopiniH
						NemoleontiniH
						ProtoplectriniH
				Myrmeleontoidae, incertae sedis†
				Palaeoleontidae†
				Pseudonymphidae†
			Myrmeleontoidea, incertae sedis†
			NemopteroidaeH†	NemopteridaeH†	CrocinaeH†	Crocinae, incertae sedisH†
						CrociniH
						NecrophyliniH
						PastranaiiniH
					Nemopteridae, incertae sedis†
					NemopterinaeH†
		NymphoideaH†	IthonoidaeH†	IthonidaeH†	Epigambriinae†
					Ithonidae, incertae sedis†
					IthoninaeH
					PolystoechotinaeH†
					RapismatinaeH†
				Ithonoidae, incertae sedis†
			NymphoidaeH†	Babinskaiidae†
				NymphidaeH†	MyiodactylinaeH†
					Nymphidae, incertae sedis†
					NymphinaeH†
				Rafaelianidae†
			PsychopsoidaeH†	Aetheogrammatidae†	Aetheogrammatidae, incertae sedis†
					Aetheogrammatinae†
					Ectopogrammatinae†
				KalligrammatidaeH†	Cretanallachiinae†
					Kalligrammatidae, incertae sedis†
					Kalligrammatinae†
					KallihemerobiinaeH†
					Liassopsychopinae†
					Meioneurinae†
					Oregrammatinae†
					Sophogrammatinae†
				Osmylopsychopidae†
				Panfiloviidae†	Grammolingiinae†
					Panfiloviinae†
				Prohemerobiidae†	Parakseneurinae†
					Prohemerobiinae†
				PsychopsidaeH†	Psychopsidae, incertae sedis†
					PsychopsinaeH
					SilveirainaeH
					Triassopsychopinae†
					ZygophlebiinaeH
				Psychopsoidae, incertae sedis†
		OsmyloideaH†		Archeosmylidae†
				NevrorthidaeH†
				OsmylidaeH†	EidoporisminaeH†
					GumillinaeH†
					KempyninaeH†
					Mesosmylininae†
					Osmylidae, incertae sedis†
					OsmylinaeH†
					PorisminaeH
					ProtosmylinaeH†
					SpilosmylinaeH†
					StenosmylinaeH
				Osmyloidea, incertae sedis†
				Saucrosmylidae†
				SisyridaeH†	Paradoxosisyrinae†
					Sisyridae, incertae sedis†
					SisyrinaeH†
Neuropterida, incertae sedis†				Permithonidae†
RaphidiopteraH†	Priscaenigmatomorpha†			Chrysoraphidiidae†
		Priscaenigmatoidea†		Priscaenigmatidae†
	RaphidiomorphaH†	RaphidioideaH†		InocelliidaeH†	Electrinocelliinae†
					Inocelliidae, incertae sedis†
					InocelliinaeH†
				RaphidiidaeH†	Raphidiidae, incertae sedis†
					RaphidiinaeH†	AgulliniH†
						AleniniH
						RaphidiiniH†	MongoloraphidiinaH
							OhmellinaH†
							RaphidiinaH†
							Raphidiini, incertae sedisH
							RaphidillinaH
					Succinoraphidiinae†
		Raphidiomorpha, incertae sedis†		Baissopteridae†
				Mesoraphidiidae†	Alloraphidiinae†
					Mesoraphidiidae, incertae sedis†
					Mesoraphidiinae†	Mesoraphidiinae, incertae sedis†
						Mesoraphidiini†
						Nanoraphidiini†
					Ororaphidiinae†
				Metaraphidiidae†
	Raphidioptera, incertae sedis†			Juroraphidiidae†
				Nanosialidae†	Nanosialinae†
					Raphisialinae†
				Parasialidae†
				Raphidioptera, incertae sedis†

Symbols: ^H = taxon contains only living species, or both living species and species that became extinct (i.e., are last documented by specimens that died) during the Holocene (i.e., ‘Recent’ species); ^† = taxon contains only species that became extinct (i.e., are last documented by specimens that died) prior to the Holocene (i.e., ‘fossil’ species); ^H† = taxon contains one or more ‘Recent’ species and one or more ‘fossil’ species. Notes: For the purposes of this work, a ‘fossil’ is defined as the remains (cast, impression, mineral replacement, etc.) of an organism (or any of its parts) that is believed to have died prior to the beginning of the Holocene Epoch (i.e., before 0.0118 Ma; Geologic Time Scale 2012, Gradstein et al. 2012).